Colonization investigation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in roots of Polygonatum kingianum and their correlations with content of main functional components in rhizomes / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) in the roots of Polygonatum kingianum planted at different areas, and explore the correlations between the colonization rate and the main functional components. Methods: Fresh roots of P. kingianum from five plots in Yunnan Province were taken as research objects. The alkali dissociation method was used to investigate the colonization of AMF and DSE in the roots of P. kingianum. Then the morphological structure was photographed. The content of P. sibiricum polysaccharides, diosgenin, total flavonoids and extractum were separately determined by phonel-sulfate method, colorimetry method of vanillin-acetic acid-perchloric acid, spectrophotometry method with rutin standard and hot dipping method with alcohol. The correlations between the colonization rates of AMF or DSE and four main functional components were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient method. Results: The average colonization of AMF and DSE in the five plots were 26.25%-57.54% and 31.67%-45.19%, respectively. The colonization rates of AMF and DSE from HHMZ was higher than the other four others. All of correlations among the colonization rates of AMF, DSE and their typical structure and the four main functional components in the rhizomes were positive correlation, in which the correlations between the content of polysaccharides, diosgenin or total flavonoids and the colonization rates of AMF or DSE were higher, and their correlation coefficient were respectively 0.838/0.887, 0.819/0.703, and 0.785/0.855 (AMF/DSE). Furthermore, the correlations between the content of polysaccharides and the colonization rates of AMF hypha or DSE were significant. In addition, there were high correlations among the colonization rates of AMF, DSE and their typical structures, as well as the content in pairs of four functional components. Conclusion: There were higher colonization rates of AMF and DSE in the fibrous roots of P. kingianum. The correlations between the colonization rates of AMF or DSE and each main functional component were positive. This study provides data support and experimental basis for the implementation of ecological planting of P. kingianum and the use of biological means to increase production and income.rates

Study of the effect of indwelling time of ICU peripheral arterial catheter on catheter-related bloodstream infection / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between catheter indwelling time and catheter-related bloodstream infection in patients with ICU. Methods Chosen 60 cases of peripheral arterial catheterization and indwelling arterial catheters because of illness need more than 7 days of age, from September 2015 to January 2016 who were treated in respiratory and critical care medicine. Numbered in the order of entry (1-60), andnumber of singular werein the control group and number of even were in the experimental group. In the control group, the catheter was removed and the catheter was replaced at 7 days after the catheter was inserted,the experimental group continued to use the catheter for 7 days until the patient did not need to remove the catheter. Microbial culture was carried out in two groups of catheter tip,The bacterial setting rate of catheter tip culture was compared between the two groups. Results The control group of bacterial colonization rate was 7.14％ (2/28), the experimental group of bacterial colonization rate was 10.34％ (3/29), the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2=0.000, P>0.05). Conclusions Nursing care of patients with indwelling arterial catheters just follow the principle of maximum aseptic artery puncture and disinfection treatment, and patients without clinical symptoms need not to prevent catheter-related infection by peripheral arterial catheter replacement.

DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants (Ⅰ) .Breeding research of disease-resistant cultivars of Panax notoginseng / 中国中药杂志

The study is aimed to estimate the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the main producing areas of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Diversity of AMF was surveyed directly on spores isolated from the field soil, collected from 20 sites of 8 provinces. Identification of the AMF was made by observation of spore morphology. At least 27 recognized AMF species were identified in samples from field soil, belonging to seven genera of AMF-Acaulospora, Glomus, Funneliformis, Ambispora, Rhizophagus, Pacispora, and Claroideoglomus. Acaulospora and Glomus were the dominant genera, respectively including nine and eight species. A. laevis (90%), R.manihotis (80%), A. brieticulata (75%), A. tuberculata (70%) were the dominant species.Colonization rate was determined,colonization was easily found, but the colonization intensities were low, the colonization rate remained at 10.92%-25.93%. The similarity between provinces is generally low, and the similarity coefficients were from 0.20 to 0.57.

Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Acute and Chronic Skin Lesions of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has peculiar abilities to colonize the skin in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the colonization rates of SA in acute and chronic skin lesions of AD patients, to find any difference in colonization rates according to age and to find the influences of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil counts to the colonization of SA. METHODS: We evaluated the total IgE level and eosinophil counts, and cultured SA from the skin lesions of 687 AD patients (131 acute and 556 chronic skin lesions) and 247 control urticaria patients (July 2009 to November 2010; Samsung Medical Center Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: The SA colonization rates were 74%, 38% and 3% in acute, chronic skin lesions and control skin, respectively, and they were increased with age in AD patients. The colonization rate in chronic skin lesions was higher in the high IgE/eosinophilia groups as compared to the normal IgE/eosinophil groups. CONCLUSION: The SA colonization rate was higher in AD patients and especially in acute lesions, and had a tendency to increase with age. As the colonization rates were only higher in the high IgE/eosinophilia groups of chronic skin lesions, we suggested that SA may invade the skin through barrier defects in acute skin lesions, but the colonization in chronic lesions may be orchestrated through many different factors.

Effect of Soil Ameliorators on Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities that Colonize Seedlings of Pinus densiflora in Abandoned Coal Mine Spoils

In this study, the effect of soil ameliorators on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities in coal mine spoils was investigated. Organic fertilizers and slaked lime were applied as soil ameliorators in 3 abandoned coal mine spoils. One year after the initial treatment, roots of Pinus densiflora seedlings were collected and the number of ECM species, colonization rate, and species diversity were assessed. The results showed that the soil ameliorators significantly increased ECM colonization on the roots of P. densiflora. The results suggest that soil ameliorators can have a positive effect on ECM fungi in terms of growth of host plants and show the potential use of soil ameliorator treatment for revegetation with ECM-colonized pine seedlings in the coal mine spoils.

Perineal Colonization Rate and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Korean Women / 대한임상미생물학회지

BACKGROUND: Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae, GBS) is a major cause of severe infections in neonates, including bacteremia, pneumonia, and meningitis, and is generally vertically transmitted from a colonized, pregnant woman to her infant. Penicillin is the drug of choice to treat GBS infections, because GBS strains are uniformly susceptible to penicillin. Recently, however, penicillin resistant GBS strains have been reported and the rates of erythromycin and clindamycin resistance have increased. We evaluated the perineal colonization rates and antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS strains isolated from pregnant and non-pregnant women. METHODS: The antibiotic susceptibilities of a total of 180 GBS strains isolated from two university hospitals and one reference laboratory between May 2008 and January 2009 were determined using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The presence of erythromycin resistance genes was confirmed by PCR. RESULTS: The average colonization rate of pregnant women was 5.5%. The overall colonization rates of pregnant and non-pregnant women ranged between 5.5% and 7.5%. All 180 GBS strains were susceptible to penicillin. Fifty strains (27.8%) were resistant to erythromycin, whereas 78 (41.1%) were resistant to clindamycin. The ermB gene was identified in 40 isolates and 44 isolates had constitutive macrolide- lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate an increased GBS colonization rate and an increase in macrolide resistance in GBS strains in recent years, emphasizing the need for further surveillance and continual monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility.

Group B Streptococcal Colonization Rate in Korean Pregnant Women / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the colonization rate of the group B streptococcus (GBS) in Korean pregnant women and their neonates, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated GBS. METHODS: From March 2005 to May 2005, pregnant women who visited 3 obstetric clinics in Goyang-si and Paju-si for antenatal care after 35 weeks of gestation were enrolled. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline for collecting and processing clinical specimens for group B streptococcal culture, specimens were obtained from the lower third of the vagina and perianal areas, and then inoculated on Todd-Hewitt broth. The test for antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by a disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Of the 273 pregnant women, 13 (4.8%) had a positive culture from at least 1 site (vaginal culture 6, perianal culture 3, both 4). No GBS colonization was found in their neonates. The antibiotic resistance rate was 53.9% (7/13) for erythromycin and 61.5% (8/13) for clindamycin. CONCLUSION: In this study, the colonization rate of group B streptococci in Korean pregnant women was found to be lower than those reported in USA, Western Europe, and other Asian countries. The antibiotic resistance rate for erythromycin and clindamycin was higher than those reported in other countries. Further evaluation was needed to establish the screening and chemoprophylaxis guideline for Korean pregnant women.

Serogroup and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Oropharynx in Children Attending Day Care Center

PURPOSE: Penicillin- and multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae poses a serious threat to clinicians because the rate of resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin in Korea has surged up to the world's highest level. This study was performed to assess the carriage rate, serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolated from oropharynx in children. METHODS: From March to July 1998, 209 children under 5 years of age were recruited from five day care centers. The carriage rate for pneumococci was obtained. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined with the E-test and agar dilution methods. Serogrouping was performed on 48 of the pneumococcal isolates by the Quellung reaction. RESULTS: The carriage rate of S. pneumoniae was 30.1%. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were available for 59 of the isolates. Sixty-six percent of isolates were not susceptible to penicillin, and multidrug-resistance was observed in 76.3% of the isolates. A high proportion of the penicillin-resistant strains showed associated resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, erythromycin, and oxacillin. The most prevalent oropharyngeal serogroups were 19, 6, 3, 23, and 29. Resistance of the pneumococcal isolates to penicillin was different according to the serogroups. All of the strains of serogroup 19, 23, and 29 was resistant to penicillin but 87.5% of serogroup 3 strains were susceptible to penicillin. CONCLUSION: The resistance rate of S. pneumoniae isolated from oropharynx in children was very high to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. For the reduction of the drug-resistant rate of S. pneumoniae, clinicians should be required to be more judicious in their use of antimicrobial agents.

Colonization Rate and Serotypes of Group B Streptococci in First Trimester of Pregnancy / 대한임상병리학회지

BACKGROUND: Group B streptococci (GBS) are the most common cause of sepsis and meningitis in newborns in the United States and Europe, and maternal colonization rate of GBS is the most important factor of group B streptococcal neonatal infections. But, in Korea, studies on the maternal colonization rate of GBS are rare due to low incidence of neonatal group B streptococcal infections, particularly, data on colonization rate of GBS during first trimester is nearly absent. The aim of this study was to establish the rates of maternal carriage of GBS and the distribution of GBS serotypes in first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: During the period of June to December 1997, we studied women attending private clinic. A total of 309 women in first trimester were enrolled in the study. Cotton swab specimens from vagina and cervix were placed to new Granada tube medium. The new Granada tube medium with specimen swab was incubated in 5% CO2 atmosphere at 35degreesC. For the identification of GBS, the colonies showing orange color on new Granada tube medium were tested with Streptex group B Streptococcus reagent (Wellcome Diagnostics, UK). Serotyping was done by Hemolytic Streptococcus Group B Typing Sera (Denka Seiken, Japan). The typing sera used in this study were Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, and V. RESULTS: Of the pregnant women in first trimester, 2.3% (7/309) were colonized with GBS, and all seven women who colonized GBS were positive in vagina and cervix at the same time. Frequency of serotype III and Ib were 71.4% (5/7) and 29.6% (2/7), respectively. Serotypes Ia, II, VI, and V were absent. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal carriage rate of GBS in first trimester of pregnancy was 2.3%, and serotype III was the most common serotype. Serotypes Ia, II, VI, and V were absent.